Press Release

Thyroid hormone replacement undertreatment linked to worse hospital outcomes

Washington, DC April 26, 2022

Study finds undertreatment can lead to longer stay and higher readmission rates

Undertreatment with thyroid hormone replacement can put patients with hypothyroidism at risk for worse hospital outcomes, including longer length of stay and higher rates of readmission, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It is a common disease in the United States, with millions of patients taking thyroid hormone replacement. Treatment can be challenging, and patients can be overtreated or undertreated, according to lead study author Matthew D. Ettleson, M.D., of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Ill. “We found that those patients who were undertreated with thyroid hormone, even weeks or months prior to hospital admission, had worse hospital outcomes than those without hypothyroidism,” said Ettleson. “This has not been shown previously.” The study included 43,478 patients from a large, U.S.-based patient claims database. Of these patients, 8,873 had hypothyroidism. The researchers divided patients into four groups based on their levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Low levels of TSH indicate a patient has been overtreated for their thyroid disease, while high levels of TSH correspond to undertreatment. Patients with a high TSH level before hospitalization had a length of stay that was 1.2 days longer, a 49% higher risk of 30-day readmission, and a 43% higher rate of 90-day readmission compared with patients without hypothyroidism. Those with a normal TSH level before hospitalization had a decreased risk of dying in the hospital and decreased 90-day readmission rate compared to patients without hypothyroidism. “The results suggest that suboptimal treatment of hypothyroidism is associated with worse hospital outcomes,” Ettleson said. “It is important for both patients and physicians to know that maintaining optimal thyroid hormone replacement is important to minimize length of hospital stays and hospital readmission. It is particularly important for planned admissions where thyroid hormone replacement can be adjusted if needed prior to admission.” Other authors of this study are Antonio C. Bianco, Wen Wan and Neda Laiteerapong of the University of Chicago. The study received funding from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The manuscript, “Suboptimal Thyroid Hormone Replacement is Associated with Worse Hospital Outcomes,” was published online, ahead of print. Ettleson will present this research at ENDO 2022, the Society’s annual meeting in Atlanta, Ga., on Saturday, June 11 from 1-3 p.m. and during a Rapid Fire Poster Presentation on Sunday, June 12 from 12:30-1:30 p.m.

About Endocrine Society

Endocrinologists are at the core of solving the most pressing health problems of our time, from diabetes and obesity to infertility, bone health, and hormone-related cancers. The Endocrine Society is the world’s oldest and largest organization of scientists devoted to hormone research and physicians who care for people with hormone-related conditions.

The Society has more than 18,000 members, including scientists, physicians, educators, nurses, and students in 122 countries. To learn more about the Society and the field of endocrinology, visit our site at www.endocrine.org. Follow us on X (formerly Twitter) at @TheEndoSociety and @EndoMedia.

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Thyroid hormone replacement undertreatment linked to worse hospital outcomes

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